To date, soy has remained a hot button topic, but why? In this episode, we break down walls and dissect the misinformation on what phytoestrogens found in soy are, and explain how they actually behave in the body.
Studies referenced in this episode:
1. Sirtori CR, Arnoldi A, Johnson SK. Phytoestrogens: end of a tale?Annals of medicine. 2005; 37(6):423–38. https://
2. Cornwell T, Cohick W, Raskin I. Dietary phytoestrogens and health. Phytochemistry. 2004;6
3. Sirotkin AV, Harrath AH. Phytoestrogens and their effects. European journal of pharmacology. 2014;741:230–6.
4. Poluzzi E, Piccinni C, Raschi E, Rampa A, Recanatini M, De Ponti F. Phytoestrogens in postmenopause:the state of the art from a chemical, pharmacological and regulatory perspective. Current medicinal chemistry. 2014;21(4):417–36.
5. Bedell S, Nachtigall M, Naftolin F. The pros and cons of plant estrogens for menopause. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2014;139:225–36. http
6. Rietjens IM, Sotoca AM, Vervoort J, Louisse J. Mechanisms underlying the dualistic mode of action of major soy isoflavones in relation to cell proliferation and cancer risks. Molecular nutrition &food research. 2013;57(1):100–13. h
7. Cassidy A, Brown JE, Hawdon A, Faughnan MS, King LJ, Millward J, et al. Factors affecting the bioavailability of soy isoflavones in humans after ingestion of physiologically relevant levels from different soy foods. The Journal of nutrition. 2006;136(1):45–51.
8. Setchell KD, Brown NM, Lydeking-Olsen E. The clinical importance of the metabolite equol—a clue to the effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones. The Journal of nutrition. 2002;132(12):3577–
9. Vedrine N, Mathey J, Morand C, Brandolini M, Davicco M, Guy L, et al. One-month exposure to soy isoflavones did not induce the ability to produce equol in postmenopausal women. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;60(9):1039–45.
10. Paterni I, Granchi C, Katzenellenbogen JA, Minutolo F. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ):subtype-selective ligands and clinical potential. Steroids. 2014;90:
11. Cederroth CR, Zimmermann C, Nef S. Soy, phytoestrogens and their impact on reproductive health. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2012;355(2):
12. Jefferson WN, Williams CJ. Circulating levels of genistein in the neonate, apart from dose and route, predict future adverse female reproductive outcomes. Reproductive Toxicology. 2011;31(3):272–9.
13. Teekachunhatean S, Natnita Mattawanon, Khunamornpong S. Short-Term Isoflavone Intervention in the Treatment of Severe Vasomotor Symptoms after Surgical Menopause:A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015 https://doi.
14. Legette LL, Lee W-H, Martin BR, Story JA, Arabshahi A, Barnes S, et al. Menopause. 8. Vol. 18. New York, NY: 2011. Genistein, a phytoestrogen, improves total cholesterol and Synergy®, a prebiotic, improved calcium utilization but there were no synergistic effects; p. 923. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.
15. Anthony MS Phytoestrogens and Cardiovascular Disease. Am Heart Assoc;2002;Liu Z-m, Ho SC, Chen Y-m, Liu J, Woo J. Cardiovascular risks in relation to daidzein metabolizing phenotypes among Chinese postmenopausal women. Plos one. 2014;9(2):e87861. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16. Nagamma T, Jagadeesh AT, Bhat KM. Effect of Phytoestrogens on Lipid Profile:Mini Review. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2017;10(2):50–3. https://
17. Ramdath DD, Padhi EM, Sarfaraz S, Renwick S, Duncan AM. Beyond the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Soy Protein:A Review of the Effects of Dietary Soy and Its Constituents on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):
18. Reinwald S, Akabas SR, Weaver CM. Whole versus the piecemeal approach to evaluating soy. The Journal of nutrition. 2010;140(12):2335S–
19. Allison DB, Gadbury G, Schwartz LG, Murugesan R, Kraker JL, Heshka S, et al. A novel soy-based meal replacement formula for weight loss among obese individuals:a randomized controlled clinical trial. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2003;57(4):514. htt
20. Tolba EA-EHT. Dietary phytoestrogens reduce the leptin level in ovariectomized female rats. Cellulose. 2013;1(1.10):
21. Kim S, Sohn I, Lee YS, Lee YS. Hepatic gene expression profiles are altered by genistein supplementation in mice with diet-induced obesity. The Journal of nutrition. 2005;135(1):33–41.
22. Rietjens IM, Louisse J, Beekmann K. The potential health effects of dietary phytoestrogens. British journal of pharmacology. 2016 PMid:
23. Jeng Y-J, Kochukov M, Nauduri D, Kaphalia BS, Watson CS. Subchronic exposure to phytoestrogens alone and in combination with diethylstilbestrol-pituitary tumor induction in Fischer 344 rats. Nutrition &metabolism. 2010;7(1):40. htt
24. Liu J, Ho SC, Su Y-x, Chen W-q, Zhang C-x, Chen Y-m. Effect of long-term intervention of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density in women:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bone. 2009;44(5):948–
25. Legette LL, Martin BR, Shahnazari M, Lee W-H, Helferich WG, Qian J, et al. Supplemental dietary racemic equol has modest benefits to bone but has mild uterotropic activity in ovariectomized rats. The Journal of nutrition. 2009;139(10):1908–
26. Lai C-Y, Yang J-Y, Rayalam S, Della-Fera MA, Ambati S, Lewis RD, et al. Preventing bone loss and weight gain with combinations of vitamin D and phytochemicals. Journal of medicinal food. 2011;14(11):1352–62. htt
27. Ming LG, Chen KM, Xian CJ. Functions and action mechanisms of flavonoids genistein and icariin in regulating bone remodeling. Journal of cellular physiology. 2013;228(3):513–
28. Soni M, Rahardjo TBW, Soekardi R, Sulistyowati Y, Lestariningsih Yesufu-Udechuku A, et al. Phytoestrogens and cognitive function:a review. Maturitas. 2014;77:
29. Thornton MJ. Estrogens and aging skin. Dermato-endocrinology. 2
30. Accorsi-Neto A, Haidar M, Simões R, Simões M, Soares J, Jr, Baracat E. Effects of isoflavones on the skin of postmenopausal women:a pilot study. Clinics. 2009;64(6):
31. Chiang S-S, Pan T-M. Beneficial effects of phytoestrogens and their metabolites produced by intestinal microflora on bone health. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2013;97(4):
32. Yellayi S, Zakroczymski M, Selvaraj V, Valli V, Ghanta V, Helferich W, et al. The phytoestrogen genistein suppresses cell-mediated immunity in mice. Journal of endocrinology. 2003;176(2):
35. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249910/
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